URL
Abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator, the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web.
The first part of the address is called a protocol identifier and it indicates what protocol to use, and the second part is called a resource name and it specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located. The protocol identifier and the resource name are separated by a colon and two forward slashes.
For example, the two URLs below point to two different files at the domain pcwebopedia.com. The first specifies an executable file that should be fetched using the FTP protocol; the second specifies a Web page that should be fetched using the HTTP protocol:
•ftp://www.pcwebopedia.com/stuff.exe
•http://www.pcwebopedia.com/index.html
http
In order to fetch a web page for you, your web browser must "talk" to a web server somewhere else. When web browsers talk to web servers, they speak a language known as HTTP, which stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of rules for transferring files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web.
A standard web address (such as http://www.google.com/) is called a URL; the prefix (http in the example) indicates its protocol.
For example, when you enter a URL in your browser, this actually sends an HTTP command to the Web server directing it to fetch and transmit the requested Web page.
www
The World Wide Web, abbreviated as WWW or W3 and commonly known as the Web, is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them via hyperlinks.
Scanner:-
A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display.
Scanners usually attach to your personal computer with a Small Computer System Interface ( SCSI ). An application such as PhotoShop uses the TWAIN program to read in the image.
Some major manufacturers of scanners include: Epson, Hewlett-Packard, Microtek, and Relisys.
The flatbed scanner is very much like a copy machine, to the extent that it has a glass plate under a lid, and a moving light that scans across under it.. And like a copy machine, a flatbed scanner allows you to scan photos, paper documents, books, magazines, large maps, or even 3-dimensional objects (those that don't have a lot of depth, coins for example), etc. It scans very much like a copy machine. But instead of creating another piece of paper like a copy machine does, we instead create an image in memory, which we can do with as we please. We have acquired a digital image, and we can show it on the screen, or write a file and email it, or print it, anything we wish.
CD-Writing OR BURNING : -
If your computer is equipped with a compact disc (CD) recorder, you can back up files or folders to a compact disc-recordable (CD-R) or a compact disc-rewritable (CD-RW). This article describes how to back up files or folders to a CD-R or a CD-RW.
To copy files and folders to a CD:
- Insert a blank writable CD into the CD recorder.
- Double-click My Computer, and then click the files or folders that you want to copy to the CD. To select more than one file, hold down the CTRL key while you click the files you want.
- Click any of the following options:
- Copy this file
- Copy this folder
- Copy the selected items
- In the Copy Items dialog box, click the CD recording drive, and then click Copy.
- In My Computer, double-click the CD recording drive.
Windows displays a temporary area where the files are held before they are copied to the CD. Check that the files and folders that you intend to copy to the CD are displayed under Files Ready to Be Written to the CD.
- Under CD Writing Tasks, click Write to CD.
- After the CD Writing Wizard starts, follow the instructions in the wizard.
- When the process is finished, the wizard displays a check box for you to choose to create another CD like the one you just made. If you want to create multiple copies of the same CD, click Yes, write these files to another CD and insert another blank, writable CD into the CD recorder. Follow the instructions in the wizard.
“You can erase and use CD-RW discs again, but the discs may not play in other devices (such as audio CD players). To resolve this issue, use the CD recorder to back up information on CD-R discs. These discs can be written only once, but they play in most CD players and CD-ROM drives.”
CD-RW = COMPACT DISC READ WRITE DISCS
CD-R = COMPACT DISC READ DISK
MOTHERBOARD
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The motherboard is sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board.
The motherboard is the heart of the computer. It links all of the components together into one machine. All computer components are connected to the motherboard either through input/output ports, slots, or adapter cards. There are built in components that can be removed that all functioning motherboards contain. These components are the central processing unit, random access memory or RAM, the data BUS, and adapter card slots.
The important constituent components of an ATX Motherboard are given below:
- Mouse & keyboard
- USB
- Parallel port
- CPU Chip
- RAM slots
- Floppy controller
- IDE controller
- PCI slot
- ISA slot
- CMOS
Battery - AGP slot
- CPU slot
- Power supply plug in
INPUT – OUTPUT DEVICE
I/O (input/output), describes any operation, program, or device that transfers data to or from a computer.
The input-output or I/O devices provide the means of communication between the computer and the user. The input and output devices are the hardware components that allow the user to input data and instructions into the computer and to receive the processed data.
The data and instructions are given to the computer through input device. The computer processes the data according to the given instructions and output is received onto the output device or it is stored permanently on the storage device.
Typical I/O devices are printers, hard disks, keyboards, and mouses.
In fact, some devices are basically input-only devices (keyboards and mouses);
others are primarily output-only devices (printers);
and others provide both input and output of data (hard disks, diskettes, writable CD-ROMs).
Storage device
A storage device is a hardware device capable of storing information. There are two storage devices used in computers; a primary storage device such as computer RAM and a secondary storage device such as a computer hard disk drive.
Memory
The system memory is the place where the computer holds current programs and data that are in use. There are various levels of computer memory, including ROM, RAM, cache, page and graphics, each with specific objectives for system operation.
The term memory identifies data storage that comes in the form of chips, and the word storage is used for memory that exists on tapes or disks. Moreover, the term memory is usually used as a shorthand for physical memory, which refers to the actual chips capable of holding data. Some computers also use virtual memory, which expands physical memory onto a hard disk.
Every computer comes with a certain amount of physical memory, usually referred to as main memory or RAM
Diffrence between port and slots?
This board contains a port and fits into a slot
Slots and ports are physical connection points that allow the hardware of a computer to be expanded. A port is a socket. A slot is a dock for a printed circuit board
A port is an I/O connector/device that allows you to interface with something outside of the computer. The most common ports are COM (Communication), Printer, USB (Universal Serial Bus), Video, Mouse, Keyboard, and Ethernet ports.
A slot is where you plug in a controller. Often, the controller provides one or more ports that you can use.
For e.g. videocards, NICs, soundcards, PCI devices, etc
Slots and ports enable owners to upgrade their computers
What is CPU?
CPU stands for the Central Processing Unit of a computer system. The CPU can deal with many millions of calculations per second.
The CPU is like the human brain, performing all of the calculations required to complete a program.
The processor tells your computer what to do and when to do it, it decides which tasks are more important and prioritizes them to your computers needs.
The CPU is Also Known As:
processor, microprocessor, central processor, "the brains of the computer"
Microprocessors are also commonly used in cell phones, automobiles, and children’s electronic toys
CPU Description:
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The CPU attaches directly to a CPU "socket" (or sometimes a "slot") on the motherboard. After running even a short while, modern CPUs can get very hot. To help dissipate this heat, it is necessary to attach a heat sink and a small fan directly on top of the CPU..
Popular CPU Manufacturers:
Intel, AMD
How To Format Floppy Disk?
Remember, formatting a disk erases all the information on it
To format a floppy disk, follow these steps;
- Insert a floppy disk into the floppy disk drive.
- Start Windows Explorer, Windows NT Explorer, or My Computer.
- Use the right mouse button to click the drive containing the floppy disk you want to format, and then click Format on the menu that appears.
- In the Format dialog box, click the options you want to use to format the disk, and then click Start.
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